Effects of Tv on Children

We have all heard the incessant reports about the damaging effects of too much time spent in front of a television. The bad habit of watching hour after hour of television usually begin early in a persons life and people who have the habit of spending a lot of time watching too much TV are usually overweight. They also end up with other weight related problems during their life. Watching TV is especially harmful for small children. A study shows that when toddlers watch too much TV, they are more likely to have attention problems later on during their childhood and possibly for the rest of their life.This can have an impact on how well a child is able to perform in school and in other areas of their life. Allowing the television to be a baby sitter for your infant is not a good idea. The long hours of watching cartoons can be better spent doing some other activity. When I was a child a had a very small patch of the yard that I turned into a garden. I took dry beans from the packs in the kitchen and planted them in the garden. It was a wonderful feeling to watch them grow from a bean to a plant.We never ate anything from my garden, but having it gave me something to look forward to outside of the house, instead of doing nothing but sitting in front of the TV all day. Even today, more than 30 years later, I still do not watch (much) TV. There are a lot of TV stations that show programs that are very educational and a person can benefit from these programs. But, a child under the age of three should not be allowed to sit in front of the TV for a long time, the study states that no more than 30 minutes per day is enough. The long stream of continuous violence shown on TV has a negative effect on a child and adults, as well.Watching hours of violence, fast food commercials and the other nonsense – will have an adverse effect on anyone who watches it. It is not good to live in a society that doesn't blink an eye when someone has their head blown off. When you allow the television to raise your children, by the time they are 21 years old, they would have seen hundreds of thousands of violent, dehumanising acts on the screen. What could the after effects of that produce? How long should your child watch TV per day, you decide. Just be prepared to deal with the consequences of too much TV.

Cultural assessment Essay

A consideration of culture is essential in the process of the interview, case formulation, diagnosis, and treatment of culturally diverse indi ­viduals. The evaluation of these individuals raises many issues that clinicians need to address to formulate an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan that will be acceptable to the patient. A consideration of culture is essential in the process of the interview, case formulation, diagnosis, and treatment of culturally diverse indi ­viduals. The evaluation of these individuals raises many issues that clinicians need to address to formulate an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan that will be acceptable to the patient The American Psychological Association (1993) guidelines acknowledge the necessity of assessing individuals in the context of their ethnicity and culture, respecting their indigenous beliefs and practices (including those involving religion and spirituality), assessing the patients’ support systems, evaluating the pati ents in their primary language, and taking a history that accounts for immigration and acculturation stresses. In summary, the consideration of cultural factors in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of culturally diverse individuals has gained recognition in a variety of disciplines in the last decade.In this chapter, we present a brief history of psychiatric case formulation; define culture, ethnicity, and race; and focus on an explication and elaboration of the DSM-IV outline for cultural formulation. Aspects of cultural formulation include assessing a patient’s cultural identity and understanding how culture affects the explanation of the individual’s illness, support system, and the clinician-patient relation ­ship as well as understanding how culture affects the assessment and diagnosis of culturally diverse individuals From a clinical point of view, understanding the patient’s view of his or her illness helps determine our assessment and our treatment plan. Different cultures express their symptoms differently (Kleinman 1988), and concepts of illness also vary with culture. For example, for the Chinese in Hong Kong, Cheung (1987) found that patients had three explanatory models for mental disorders. They could explain their illness as based on psychological, somatic, or mixed factors. Their explana ­tion of the illness influenced how they went about getting help. The patients who had purely psychological explanations were the least likely to seek help. Because of this, Cheung recommended that clinicians specifically inquire about psychological symptoms, because these patients were not likely to volunteer them. Special Issues in Assessment Professionals working in systems that link treatment and corrections must be aware of a broad range of special issues in assessment related to clients’ gender, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, educational level, religious affiliation or spirituality, and other such sociocultural characteristics. Issues related to a number of these characteristics are discussed below. Language It may be necessary to perform the assessment in the primary language of the individual, which may not be English. Assessors should avoid the assumption that a speaker of any given language can also read that language. The client may not be functionally literate in any language. Another part of the staff member’s sensitivity to language should be an awareness that the client may need to communicate in â€Å"street language.† The assessor should be attentive to the kind of vocabulary that the individual client feels most comfortable using. To the extent possible, concepts should be stated in lay language, even street language, if appropriate, but not professional or clinical jargon. Using appropriate language is an essential part of making a true connection with the individual, so that he or she becomes engaged in the assessment process. While good assessment may be largely an intuitive process, specific assessment skills can be taught. Training can be provided in nonjudgmental interviewing techniques, rapport building, sensitive probing, and multicultural sensitivity. Cultural Identity and Ethnicity For appropriate assessment, it is critical that culturally and linguistically competent staff are available. The assessor must be aware of the importance of the client’s cultural identity and the extent of his or her acculturation into the dominant culture. Some programs attempt to draw on traditional cultural http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Mental-Health-Assessment strengths of the individual in specific ways; these may be appropriate for the individual who has a strong identification with his or her culture of origin, but it may be inappropriate for other individuals of the same group. It is necessary to gain some sense of the meaning that the individual’s culture holds for him or her personally, rather than relying on presuppositions. The client’s culture has many potential implications for the process of the assessment. Some cultures view direct questioning as inappropriate. Therefore, individuals from this type of culture may view the assessment process as highly intrusive. A goal of the assessment process is to understand the client’s world from his or her o wn cultural perspective. The importance of making appropriate inferences from information about an individual’s culture makes it imperative that programs involved in assessment exert a strong effort in good faith to hire assessors representative of the populations they serve. When qualified professionals from these cultural groups are not on staff, treatment programs can seek to employ counselors or support staff from these groups, in order to create a diverse multicultural program environment. For effective assessment and placement, it is necessary to recognize that institutional and individual discrimination may exist in the criminal justice system and other institutions, and that bias can negatively affect classification, screening, and assessment.

Diesel Campaign

In today’s society there is a strong emphasis on prudent, well thought out, decision making. It is often against social norms to act on impulse. Society also affects the way one thinks, making each person self-conscious and self-aware of his surroundings. This helps him become more wary of his actions, disallowing (for the most part) uninhibited actions and reactions. However, Diesel, a clothing company, indulges the average day citizen to â€Å"Be stupid. According to Diesel’s manifesto, which can be accessed through YouTube, this campaign suggests the stupidity of being â€Å"smart,† and emphasizes the need to be â€Å"stupid† (â€Å"The Official Be Stupid Philosophy†). Through the use of vibrant colors and fonts and the provocative and chauvinistic nature of the ad, Diesel is truly able to convey its sense of stupidity. Diesel has many advertisements that are under the â€Å"Be Stupid† campaign. They all use the power of shock to capture the audience’s attention. What could be bolder than encouraging stupidity?What the audience will notice first is the vibrant colors. The message is written in a neon yellow that easily captures attention. The border matches the message and it immediately grabs the audience’s attention. The blanket on which the girl is lying is multicolored and eye-popping. The vibrant colors will allow the reader to stop in the middle of the magazine to look at the ad for a moment. What’s more interesting is the message that is in bold in the left hand corner. It reads, â€Å"You’ll spend more time with your boss. This is written in all bold and all capitals. The physical appearance of the message is already attention-grabbing enough, but if that wasn’t enough, the message itself is crazy. It’s crazy in the sense that it goes against all of society’s conventions. Having any type of relationship with a coworker, let alone a boss, is usually frowned up on in most offices. A â€Å"wise† thinker would know not to venture into that area, but one who goes with what he is feeling, uninhibited, would not have a problem â€Å"spending more time† with a boss.By making a controversial statement, Diesel is able to appeal to the audience, especially to the younger generation. However, this controversial statement promotes promiscuity and unintelligent responses to everyday situations. Not only is the tone of the quote provocative, but the photograph itself is also quite suggestive. It shows a topless woman lying in bed with a topless man. The woman is looking straight at the audience, with a grin shamelessly tacked onto her face. A blanket covers the man’s face, and it seems as if he is not even awake yet.His arm also rests on top of the woman’s body. It is implied that the two have slept together. It is also implied that in this case, the man is the boss, while the woman is the one who is â€Å"[being] stupid. à ¢â‚¬  In the photograph, it seems as if the woman is in control of the situation, since she is awake with the smile on her face, looking directly at the camera. In fact, she is portrayed as the one taking advantage of the male, when it is usually the opposite in society. Though this may seem empowering, it holds women in a negative light.Not only is the female not the boss, she is the one using the male in order to â€Å"be stupid. † This is degrading to women, even though it may not initially seem like it. The advertisement seems to be saying that girls should â€Å"be stupid,† and that intelligence is unimportant. It promotes girls acting foolishly and doing irrational things like sleeping with a boss. Is this what Diesel wants the future of the younger female population to be? If so, it is quite chauvinistic and deprecating to the many advancements females have made throughout history.This picture juxtaposed with the slogan encourages women to be licentious and to disregard ethics. The â€Å"Be Stupid† campaign has much potential in carrying a positive meaning. It encourages people to occasionally step out of their realms of comfort, and to be a little bit bold and daring every now and then. This can be a positive message because without taking risks, people will not be able to succeed. It is not always good to be uninhibited, however; there are certain limitations as to how impulsive one can be.The issue is that Diesel’s campaign puts no boundaries as to how â€Å"stupid† one can and should be and just suggests people to act as savages. â€Å"Be Stupid† also suffers due to the poor word choice, along with the risque advertisements; it only appeals to the immature and undeveloped, and manipulates their malleable minds into believing that â€Å"spending more time with your boss† and being â€Å"stupid† is acceptable. Diesel should stop being â€Å"stupid† and be more conscious of the message the y send.

Are Cell Phones Hazardous to Human Health Essay

Are Cell Phones Hazardous to Human Health - Essay Example In today’s world mobile phones has become a necessity. It is an inevitable truth that the mobile phone industry has taken everyone by a storm. The cell phones technology has been around for a long period of time, but it has only been the last fifteen years or so that it has been completely integrated into our lives to change the way we communicate with each other forever. The advancement of cell phones changed the entire social rules of human interactions. It has become so much a part of our lives that it is now impossible to live without a cell phone. It has indeed revolutionized the way we communicate with each other as talking to loved ones is now just a touch of our finger tips. Cell phone users increase rapidly and as of 2010, there were more than 303 million subscribers to cell phone service in the United States according to Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association. It is beyond doubt that cell phones make our life more convenient, but behind these impressive gadgets we have a negative health impact which could be harmful for human beings. The issue of cell phones has been a long debated one and the phone radiation is still being questioned today. The effect of cell phone radiations and other related hazardous disease is the subject of hot topic debates these days due to the enormous increase in cell phone usage all over the world. Even though cell phones are very useful in today’s global world, several studies have suggested that continued usage of cell phones exposed human to electromagnetic fields which are associated with an elevated risks of cancer and other diseases. The issue of the harmfulness of cell phones is still questioned and many people also claimed that cell phones are not harmful to humans. People, who are of the view that cell phones are not dangerous to human beings, emphasized the fact that the negative impact of cell phones is just a myth created by the media. Many researchers have also claimed that cell phon es are not linked to cancer and that it is not dangerous to human health. â€Å"Using cell phones doesn't increase children's cancer risk, according to a new study, the latest in a series of papers that find no link between the phones and brain tumors† (Szabo, 2011). According to the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, children who used cell phones were not more vulnerable to develop brain tumor as compared to children who do not used cell phones. "Scientific evidence has overwhelmingly indicated that wireless devices do not pose a public health risk for adults or children," (Szabo, 2011). Many scientist are of the view that if cell phones are responsible for brain tumors, researchers would find the tumors on the side of the head where children hold their cell phones. But, this is not the case and moreover, scientist also noted that there has been no increase in brain tumors since cell phones were introduced to the mass population in the 1990. However, despite these cla ims, many researchers and scientists are still not convinced that there are no direct link to cell phones and other diseases. Despite the claim that cell phones are not dangerous to human beings, several researchers and scientist are of the view that cell phone are indeed dangerous for human beings. According to a research done by Lionel Bercovitch, cell phones are dangerous to human beings as the surface contains some metals such as nickel which can cause skin dermatitis on the users face. Nickel is considered to be the most common contact allergen. It is used by most of the cell phones manufacturer for accessorizing the phone. According to a research, nickel allergy affects up to 17 percent of women and 3 percent of men. This may be because of the fact that women talked more on cell phones and are likely to purchased more accessorized phones.

Epistemology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Epistemology - Assignment Example Uncertainty Principle is hard to understand, as it requires thorough understanding of physics. However, positivism is founded on principles indicating that matter is seen, observed and proved. It creates a conflict between the two principles. For example, advocates of positivism argue it is not possible to observe electron paths while pro- Uncertainty Principle argues that electrons travel on path called orbits (Gleiser, 2014). Postmodern epistemology is the study of how knowledge is assessed, gained, utilized and criticized. The development of Uncertainty Principle enabled the advocates of epistemology to widen their scope of learning. Concepts of Uncertainty Principle like quantum mechanics are studied in postmodern epistemology (Van & McIntyre-Mills, 2007). One of its implications is called determinism. It states that everything that has happened or will happen in the world is pre-determined by original conditions. However, this theory was abandoned after the discovery of quantum physics (Kitchin & Kneale, 2012). M.C. Robinson (2011). A thought experiment violating Heisenbergs uncertainty principle. Canadian Journal of Physics. P. 69-119 Retrieved from Marcelo Gleiser (2014). The Problem with a Clockwork Universe. Commentary on Science and society. Reterieved from < http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2014/01/22/264504218/the-problem-with-a-clockwork-universe

Building Surveyor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building Surveyor - Essay Example If we want to know the about the importance of the Building Surveying then first we will have to know about the Building Surveying. Building Surveying is the geometric measurement of the building in plan, section and elevation. Cutting edge equipments are used to perform a wide variety of measurement surveys. Robotic laser instruments are used to electronically observation and digitally recording of the surveys. Distances are electronically measured with light beams. Position is fixed with the help of a technology known as satellite positioning technology (GPS). Construction machines can be automatically guided by satellites and laser beams. We use Laser scanners for obtaining 'clouds' of points to create digital 3-D models of our environment for planning and development purposes. Use of the Computer-aided tacheometry and photogrammetry increases day by day for surveying building geometry. Manual methods such as tape, measuring-stick or laser-distance meter are also used for buildings.

BBA (HONS) Legal % Ethical Environment of Business Essay

BBA (HONS) Legal % Ethical Environment of Business - Essay Example Additionally, CSR-focused businesses would actively endorse the public interest by boosting community development and growth, and willingly eliminating practices that damage the public sphere, irrespective of lawfulness. CSR is the thoughtful inclusion of public responsibility into business decision-making that is the fundamental area of the business or firm, and the celebration of a triple bottom line: people, planet and profit. The word "corporate social responsibility" was coined in the late 1960s and early 1970s, after numerous multinational corporations shaped into being. The term stakeholder was also used, referring to those on whom an organization's doings and actions have an influence, to define corporate owners beyond shareholders as a consequence of a prominent book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach in 1984 (Bhattacharya, Sen & Korschun, 2008). Supporters argue that businesses make more long term profits by functioning with a perspective, wh ile on the other hand, critics contend that CSR diverts from the economic role of businesses. Others debate CSR is purely an attempt at window-dressing, or an endeavour to forestall the role of governments as a regulator over powerful multinational corporations (Shumate & O’ Connor, 2010). ... ISO 26000 is the renowned international standard for CSR (presently a Draft International Standard). It is extensively recognised that CSR follows the similar philosophies but with no formal piece of legislation. As my case study, I have chosen The Walt Disney Company in order to analyse their Corporate Social Report to assess how effectively they meet their stakeholders’ needs and interests. According to The Walt Disney Company, kids as well as families are at the core of Disney. They are their most significant audience and their stimulation for new Disney entertainment as well as involvements. They incessantly attempt to delight and amaze their consumers as well as guests, and to do so in a modern and appropriate way. Parents as well as caregivers are key associates in assisting, guiding as well as shaping their methodology to entertainment for kids. Parents identify their kids best. The Walt Disney Company strives for equilibrium when evolving age-appropriate entertainment involvements. They want kids to adore their entertainment, in addition to the parents trusting them to be distributing quality content. There are four chief principles entrenched in their method of family entertainment: Promising positive growth Constructing content for kids of all ages Affiliating with parents Generating safe environments Their objective in boosting positive development is to encounter kids where they are developmentally, with age-appropriate activities that are appropriate, fun and thought-provoking to them. They aspire to carry out the best in kids by providing amusing, moving, exhilarating, exciting, astounding, delightful and enlightening entertainment experiences that they can later impart on their family and friends. Their emphasis on positive growth comes to

Fish Eater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fish Eater - Essay Example This makes the accuracy of the article in doubt too. As we look into the information, we have to make sure that it is accurate by evaluating the accuracy. The articles are peer-reviewed as they contain many of the references and footnotes which show that they are taken from reliable sources. The factual information provided in the writing can be verified through the references and credible sources provided in the end. Thus, this information seems to be accurate and credible as many other sites have also mentioned similar facts. Although we can see that not all the articles have references and they are merely only few that have references, the few references are accurate. It is hard to rely on all the information on this website since they all are not peer-reviewed. Moreover, there is no responsibility for the accuracy of the information and no other credible site is mentioned. There are hardly and graphs or charts but there are pictures on which no sources or descriptions are given. Articles for further reading are presented and they are accurate. Many of the names of the books from where the exact verse or event is taken are mentioned and they are mentioned with their dates on which they occurred. There are a number of articles mentioned on this website but none of them actually show the date when it was originally created. There is no data that can show the date or when it was last updated, revised, or edited. This means that there is no currency of the content since the website shows any of the information as to when the information was last updated or originally posted. There are certain other websites given as references and they have accurate articles that have author names and also the date on which it was published and updated. This means that the author has provided correct information by referring to those articles but yet it is incomplete in itself. The website contains many advertisements but these advertisements are separate from the content. The a dvertisements are given on the home page of the site only and nowhere else around the site for example advertisements of veils are shown. The page does not show any biased perspectives as they have given articles that are categorized according to the beliefs and so an index is created for the visitors. The information presented is factual and no third person views are given. All the information is taken from the original books as mentioned and thus, it is based on facts without bias. The information is clear about the view of each of the subjects. And there is no use of inflammatory or provocative language in any of the plenty articles presented. The information is not vague, it is straight forward and based on bookish knowledge and not on the author’s views. This source has given new and additional information regarding the other related works available. This website gives a vast range of topics that have been covered separately so that no confusion is left for the reader. T here is an index and the articles are categorized by their headings and their relation to the subject. This gives a comprehensive explanation of all the aspects of the subject leaving nothing vague. The index makes it easier to assess the coverage of the work provided. The online sources provided are complete and they seem stable. They are from credible sites and are not likely to change frequently. There is no clear indication for the online sources that whether the information is

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflection Paper - Essay Example The desire of children is to have parents that who take a strong personal interest in helping them develop their skills and have find their way in life (Treybig, 2007). Higher parent involvement in a kid’s life increases the influence these power figures have in their children. The ethical values and moral development of adolescents are therefore shaped towards the value system of the particular family. Another source that influenced my ethical values was the education I received during my teenager years and early on in college. I always looked up to my teachers and college professors. They taught me the importance of integrity, professionalism and high ethical standards in life and in the workplace. I’ve taken some college courses on the matter and they have been very helpful at providing me with the theoretical concepts and practical examples on ethical matters. 2. How do your personal influences and your Defining Moments impact your decision making in the workplace? Remember Badarraco (1997) states that defining moments have three elements: revealing, testing, and shaping (57). One defining moment I had in a professional setting was when I work as a consultant for a family member during a summer in a start-up project. My uncle wanted advice on how to raise capital for his business. He had a great product, but needed money to bring it to the market. He heard of a consulting firm that had political influences and could help him land some seed money from some governmental programs for small businesses. I told him to go along with the idea and recommended a meeting with the individuals. During the first meeting I got a real glimpse of what corruption is all about. I originally thought these individuals were legit businesspeople whose connections were based on years of experience networking and dealing with the common problems of small companies. The first things they asked was for a few thousands dollars to get

Place and Memory Essay Example for Free

Place and Memory Essay Perhaps the strongest case for memory is made in the context of the places we occupy. It is not easy to forget what happens in our lives with reference to the space we occupy. In other words, we remember our experiences, especially the most important ones, with reference to the places we occupied at the time of those experiences. Elizabeth Liebert (2004) has written: â€Å"Novelist Barbara Kingsolver loves the places where she writes. She observes: ‘Whether we are leaving it or coming into it, its here that matters, it is place. Our greatest and smallest explanations of ourselves grow from place, as surely as carrots grow in the dirt. ’† According to the author, we learn about ourselves with references to the memories we have about certain places. If I happen to find something I dislike or disagree with in a particular place, for instance, I will be reminded of my sure likes and dislikes whenever I hark back to my specific experience of disliking or disagreeing with something in that particular place. In fact, I had an important experience in Aruba that would explain this phenomenon. I paid a twenty-day visit to the island of Aruba when I was fifteen years of age. Three of my older cousins accompanied me to the gorgeous 32 km long island in the Caribbean Sea. The weather was warm and sunny. The landscape: cactus-strewn. Aruba offers tourists natural, historical and cultural attractions they would not find elsewhere. Still, I find myself repressing my memories of Aruba whenever they occur. My cousins and I visited many places in Aruba by ourselves. These interesting places included the Alto Vista Chapel; the Arikok National Park; Bushiribana Balashi (historical gold mines); the California Lighthouse; and the Palm and Eagle Beaches. Although we made very short visits to these wonderful places, we felt very fortunate to be there. A week before we were suppose to return home from Aruba, my cousins and I decided to take a tour bus to the Ayo Rock Formations that have been described as the town of Bedrock in The Flinstones. We had learned about the puzzling geological formations in Aruba, and about the Ayo Rock Formations we were particularly excited because we all had read in our travel guide that this place was once a dwelling place of an ancient race that left petroglyph markings on stone boulders. And, the area is surrounded by huge stones that seem as though they had been stacked on top of each other by giants! On our way to the Ayo Rock Formations, however, a rather unfortunate incident occurred. Our bus had stopped at the red signal on an empty road when a motorbike came very close to our vehicle, as if out of nowhere. There was a young girl sitting in front of the man riding the motorbike. She yelled at the top of her voice: â€Å"Help! Rape! † That is all I remember hearing at the time. I was nervously moving in my seat on the bus, only trying to understand what had just taken place, when our tour guide stepped off the bus to confront the man on the motorcycle. I had actually not seen him getting off the bus. I only gathered that he had left our bus when I saw him being stabbed in his shoulder by the man on the motorbike! The next thing I knew was that the driver of my tourist bus drove off in a rush, leaving the tour guide behind. Many tourists on my bus questioned him anxiously as he drove the bus at top speed. But the man refused to say why he had done what he did. Of course, there were many complaints to the authorities later on. All the same, we could not undo the act of the driver, or the man on the motorbike who had stabbed the tour guide before my eyes. I have never returned to Aruba, and I believe that I never will. Several of my friends have tried planning out a trip to Aruba with me, knowing that I have been there before and may be able to guide them. I do not think I would be able to guide them, however. I do know that that place and experience taught me that I love justice and refuse to empathize with those who do not submit to it, such as the bus driver, who left the tour guide in the lurch, or the man who stabbed our tour guide in the shoulder. I have often told my friends that I hate Aruba. Today I question myself: Do I really hate the place that has made me understand that I love justice?

Advertisement Coca Cola Commercial Media Essay

Advertisement Coca Cola Commercial Media Essay Coca-Cola has one of the most recognized brands in the world, and that recognition is due in large part to the companys careful marketing and branding efforts. In an Essence magazine, I noticed that the Coca Cola uses warm welcoming colors such as gold, brown, and orange to set the atmosphere. Also symmetry plays an important role in this advertisement. For instance, the props are equally matching on both sides the table around the cake. There is one woman in the center of the group as a focal point; all the other women have their heads tilted toward her. Clothes in this ad even have a pattern. First, the woman to the far right has a pattern shawl; the woman next to her left is wearing a solid color blouse. As we continue to examine each woman clothes, every other woman is wearing either solid color or a pattern shirt. Facial gestures are scripted as well; if we look closer on each side of the table two women give the same face expression with their nose up and month open. Another symmetrical trait is the women hair styles. Therefore the women that match facial expression also match with having long hair styles. The storyline is simple; it takes place at someone house in the kitchen. Friends gather around the table to celebrate a birthday. Skinny African American women are look happy and are laughing having a good time. Then the advertisement states in lower case letters, whos counting? Coca Cola make it real. Coco Cola ad is targeting African American women in their mid twenty to mid thirties and promising them that no one care about the calories, age doesnt matters, and y ou will have a good time because Coca Cola is the real taste of soda. Evidently, the brand being advertised in the ad is unmistakably Coca Cola, and the product being promoted is Coca cola can. The characters in the advertisement give a picture of young African American women, probably in their mid twenties to mid thirties celebrating a birthday party. Undoubtedly, the advertisement is specifically meant for them. According to Goddard, women in such an age group are faced with a couple of decisions to make, which include but are not limited to marriage, career status, and independence (121). Additionally, these women are usually faced with dietary and weight problems, matter that forces them to watch their eating habits more closely. It would seem unusual to see a woman in this age group celebrating some good moments without the company of men. This leads to majority of them being insecure, unhappy, and less confident. Conversely, the ad gives another scenario of the situation that is sure of attracting emotions. The women in the ad are all happy, as e videnced from the facial expressions and the celebration. Interestingly, they seem independent and able to treat themselves without help from any male presence. Pickton Masterson postulate, Coca cola products give a clear impression that it is the ideal drink for the occasion (15). The advertisers make of use hype to illustrate a certain impressions. Hype refers to vague and meaningless statements as such as Coca Cola Making It Real and no one is counting. This makes the whole scenario to sound good. Another attention-seeking hook towards the target market in the advertisement is the use of femininity and culture. The Coca cola ad is all-feminine with complete presence of females. Additionally, the setting of the advertisement is the kitchen, a place commonly associated with the female species. Robinson Warwick argue that gender stereotype is sure to capture the attention of the African American woman who loves to share issues affecting them during social settings such as in friends parties and social settings (50). The Coca cola can fit in properly to such a scenario given that they are all females celebrating a birthday party of one of their own. Culture is applicable in this situation given that the advertisement specifically targets females of African American origin. The feminine scenes of African American women depict the culture being targeted in the ad (niche marketing). Beauty is among the outstanding features of this Coca Cola ad in that images of average African American women are used to glamorize the whole scenario. Robinson Warwick goes further to claim that, Even if their ages can easily be categorized into a particular group, they still manage to give an impression of beautiful and happy African American women having fun (55). Additionally, the impression of beautiful and happy African American women does not necessarily tell anything regarding the Coca Cola product but all the same, the impression is capable of relaying emotional transfers about the product and making someone to feel good through influence and manipulation. According to Pickton Masterson, the technical effects in the advertisement that are key to adding the intended effects to the commercial (20). For instance, the camera angles made sure that all the necessary details in the advertisement had been given the desired perspective. Emphasis was provided by ensuring that the images were taken from a close-up angle. The set and setting was preferably the kitchen to give a feminine impression to the targeted audience. This in turn serves to generate an emotional impression to the audience that the product being advertised is ideal for their normal environment whereby independence can also be exercised. Accessories are featured mainly in the advert to promote an element of beauty to the Coca Cola product being advertised. The African American women featured in this advert are nice dressed as evidenced from their hairstyle, to stylish and elegant clothes, and jewelry (necklace and earrings). These accessories truly give images of beautiful women, an element that the target audience can easily associate. In the ad, the poses and clothes by the second and fourth persons are similar. Their necks of their clothes are both v-shaped, the color being the only differentiating thing. Moreover, they both wear accessories (earrings and necklace) to complement their beautiful appearance. The first and the last women seem to share some similarity as evidenced from their poses. Finally, the third (middle) woman seems to share the same amusement with the other women thereby completing a happy moments that they seem to be sharing. The Coca Cola product completes the celebrating mood by relaying the intended message of happiness and beauty. The whole advert is sure to persuade the target audience that they can be happy, attractive, and beautiful. The use of color in the advertisement helps in giving life to the situation. The golden color that seems to be illuminated by the lighting of the room completes the delightful moment typical of celebrations such as birthday parties. The candles, the cake, the table, and most of the elements in the background are matched to draw emotional attention. Additionally, the color matches with the golden and/or chocolate complexion of the African American characters in the advert. The scenario looks beautiful to the eyes and is likely to be associated by the targeted audience. The contents of the product are sure to fit in to the situation for it matches with the hair of the characters giving a matching effect to the elements in the advert. Again, beauty and happiness is a sure thing to be associated by the targeted audience. The message promoted in the commercial is simple, beautiful women are always happy. The slogan-Coca Cola make it real gives the message that if happens to the characters in the audience, it can also happen to them. Age is a major factor in the advert given that the target audiences are African American women in their mid twenties to mid thirties. Usually, such women are coupled with identity issues to do with their ages, social status, and independence. They are often mirrored by the society and are expected to have achieved something under their name. Leading on the list is marriage or family responsibilities. Additionally, they can never do anything without their motive being questioned. This includes but not limited to having fun and enjoying themselves. This advert promises to give them reassurance through the do not care attitude that nobody is counting and therefore they should have uncontrolled fun. Instead, they should have it real as it is just as portrayed by those consuming the advertised product. Conversely, advertising has a lot to do with conveying the intended message. This is attained by use of words that are capable of generating straightforward meaning without having to struggle much. Tomlinson emphasizes, Coca cola advert uses a mixture of signs, texts, and gestures to drive the desired meaning to the audience (65). Images of those featured in the Coca cola commercial contains some iconic qualities that the audience can easily associate. Those images belong to normal, average African American women enjoying themselves in a normal setting and it provides resemblance effects to the audience. Symbolic gestures and facial expressions give illusions of some people who are happy and it is clear that they are consuming the advertised product and happy altogether. Finally, the presentation of the Coca Cola advert can be categorized as being simple and compound. It is simple in the sense that most of the intended information is relayed on a neutral background (Tomlinson 71). The target audience is not only easily identified but also the product being advertised. Alternatively, it is characterized as being compound in the sense that it employs realistic pictures of African American women in straightforward situations. For instance, drinking is common during birthday celebrations and therefore Coca cola comes in handy. Additionally, it unusual of people in a celebration party to be sad and thusly, the women in this advert are portrayed as being happy. Strategy is also evident in the Coca cola avert. Firstly, the brand image takes the lead in the advert for the only evident brand in the picture is that of coca cola. The brand is fore grounded so that everyone can see. Goddard asserts, Generic and pre-emptive messages are included to persuade provide the audience with the necessary personalities (122). For instance, the messages whos counting and make it real are included in the advert add meaning to the brand image. The Coca cola commercial is sure to provide the targeted audience with the promise of improving their personalities by connecting concrete features of the product and the driving force.

Tobacco addiction case study

Tobacco addiction case study Nick is a thirty-year-old Caucasian male who recently enrolled in your patient panel. He comes in today because he desires to â€Å"kick the habit† of tobacco use. He had tried to quit before and succeeded twice, only to start up again. He denies any health problems but has a strong family history of COPD and lung cancer. His father died of lung cancer three months ago, and he has been dreaming of him since then. He does not want to end up the same way. Past medical history The patient denies medical problems. He had a vasectomy four years age at his ex-wife’s request, no other surgeries. He has noticed a recurrent morning cough and increased production of mucus over the past two months or so. Medications – none Allergies – none Stage of change – contemplation Diagnosis – tobacco abuse and addiction Patient education Through the use of tobacco, nicotine is one of the most heavily used addictive substances and the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, cigarette smoking accounts for around one of every five deaths in the United States (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). When a person is addicted to a substance, they have a compulsive urge to seek out and use the substance, even when they understand the harmful effects it can have (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Tobacco products are addictive. With each inhalation of a cigarette the smoker pulls nicotine and other harmful substances into the lungs, where it is absorbed into the blood stream (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Nicotine is shaped like the natural brain chemical acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a chemical called a neurotransmitter; this carries messages between the brain cells or neurons (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Theses brain cells or neurons have specialized proteins called receptors, into which specific neurotransmitters fit. Nicotine locks into acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine attaches to acetylcholine receptors that release a neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopamine is released normally when a person experiences something pleasurable. Smoking causes neurons (brain cells) to release excess dopamine, which is the cause of feelings of pleasure when smoking (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). This effect wears off quickly, causing the smoker to get the urge to light up another cigarette for another dose of the drug (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Nicotine is the primary addictive component in tobacco, but it is not the only important ingredient (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). People who smoke have a reduction in the level of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain and body. Lower levels of MAO in the brain may lead to higher dopamine levels and this leads to the reason people continue to smoke and continue to get the pleasurable effects from smoking (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Long-term use of nicotine products leads to addiction. The way nicotine is absorbed and metabolized by the body enhances its addictive potential (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Each inhalation brings rapid distribution of nicotine to the brain, but it quickly disappears along with the pleasurable feelings. This triggers the smoker to seek that same pleasurable sensation throughout the day (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Over the course of the day tolerance develops, requiring more frequent doses or higher doses to get the same effect. Nicotine, heroin, and cocaine have similar effects on the brain (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Many people who have a nicotine addiction are in denial. They may be social smokers, meaning they only smoke when out with friends, or they believe they can stop when they are ready (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Recognizing the signs of addiction is important for the getting over the addiction. Common signs of addiction include requiring increased use of tobacco to get the same satisfaction, experiencing withdrawal when nicotine levels are low, having the desire to quit but not being able to, experiencing cravings and urges to smoke, and continuing to smoke despite being aware of the health risks (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The physical symptoms of nicotine addiction are caused by withdrawal. Withdrawal occurs because the brain can no longer naturally produce adequate levels of dopamine. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, frustration, irritability, depression, difficulty concentrating, increased appetite, and weight gain (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Some of the health risks associated with nicotine use include chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma, gum disease, mouth and esophageal cancer, heart disease, and stroke. The carcinogens in tobacco products cause abnormal cell growth that can develop into cancer (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Deciding to quit smoking is the first step toward becoming a non-smoker and better health (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). After quitting, the risk of stroke can be reduced to that of a non-smoker in as little as two years after quitting (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Heart rate and blood pressure return to the non-smoker levels after only two hours of not smoking. The rate of heart disease related to smoking is decreased to fifty percent and the rate of lung cancer is substantially reduced (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Steps to nicotine abuse and addiction recovery that may help are to set a date to quit; this allows the person to get in the mindset to stop (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Knowing the triggers that make the person want to smoke is another important factor. Some triggers commonly observed that increase the desire to smoke are after a meal, while driving, drinking alcohol, boredom, stress, coffee, and being around other people that smoke (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Having a strong support system is another important factor in quitting. Informing the people around the smoker of the decision to quit may help to support the decision as well as holding the smoker accountable for the goal of quitting. It is easier to stop smoking if the people around support the effort to stop smoking (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). If the smoker is thinking about quitting, or has made the decision to quit, there are several products to help in the process of quitting and prevent many of the withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine replacement is an alternative to stopping cold. Many people find it easier to use a replacement therapy such as the nicotine patch, inhaler, or nicotine gum. This may make the transition easier and more comfortable for the person trying to quit (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Tobacco dependence is a chronic disease that often requires repeated interventions and multiple attempts to quit. Effective treatments exist; however, that can significantly increase the rate of long-term abstinence. Counseling and medications are effective when used by themselves. The combination of counseling and medications, however, is more effective than either alone (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Products designed to help quit tobacco abuse and addiction Bupropion SR treatment should begin one to two weeks before the quit date. The starting dose for tobacco cessation is 150mg orally every morning for three days, then 150mg orally twice daily. This dosage should be continued for seven to twelve weeks. For long-term dosage, use of bupropion SR 150 mg for up to six months post-quit may be used (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Common side effects include insomnia and dry mouth. Insomnia may be addressed by taking the evening pill at least eight hours before bedtime, with at least eight hours between doses (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Nicotine gum is available in both regular and flavored forms. The gum dosage is available in two milligrams and four milligram doses. Smokers should use at least one piece every one to two hours for the first six weeks (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The gum should be used for up to twelve weeks with no more than twenty-four pieces to be used per day. Common side effects of the gum include mouth soreness, hiccups, dyspepsia, and jaw ache. These effects are generally mild and transient, often caused by the patient’s chewing technique (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). This can be alleviated by correct chewing techniques. The gum should be chewed slowly until taste emerges, then parked between the cheek and gum line to facilitate absorption. The gum should be slowly and intermittently chewed and parked for around thirty minutes or until taste dissipates from the gum (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Nicotine Inhalers- A dose from the nicotine inhaler consists of a puff or inhalation. Each cartridge delivers a total of one milligram of nicotine over eighty inhalations (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Recommended dosage is six to sixteen cartridges per day. Duration of the therapy is up to six months. Side effects include local irritation in the mouth and throat, coughing, and rhinitis. The severity of the irritation is mild and the frequency of symptoms decline with continuous use (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Nicotine lozenges are available in two milligrams and four milligram doses (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Generally, smokers should use at least nine per day in the first six months of therapy, and should be used for up to twelve weeks, with no more than twenty lozenges used per day (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The two milligram is recommended for smokers that have the first cigarette more than thirty minutes after waking. The four milligram is used for patients that have the first cigarette within thirty minutes of waking (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The most common side effects include nausea, dry mouth, hiccups, and heart burn. Use of the four milligram lozenges may also cause increased rates of headaches and coughing. The lozenge should be allowed to dissolve in the mouth rather than chewing or swallowing it (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Nasal spray- The nicotine nasal spray produces higher peak nicotine levels than other nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) and has the highest dependency potential (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). A dose of the nasal spray consists of one 0.5 mg dose delivered to each nostril (1mg total). Initial dosing should be one spray per hour, increasing as needed for symptom relief (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Minimum dosage is eight doses daily with a maximum of forty doses per day. Each bottle contains around one hundred doses. Recommended duration of therapy is three to six months (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Patients should not sniff, swallow or inhale through the nose while administering doses, as this increases irritation. The spray is best delivered with the head slightly tilted back. Users report moderate to severe nasal irritation in the first two days of use. Nasal congestion and transient changes to taste and smell are al so reported (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Nicotine patches treatment of eight weeks or less have been shown to be as effective as longer treatment periods (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Patches of different doses are available. Dosing regimens should be based on patient characteristics such as amount smoked and degree of dependence (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The step down dosage includes four weeks of twenty-one milligram per day patches, then two weeks of the fourteen milligram per day patches, then two weeks of the seven milligram per day patches (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). There is a single dose regimen available in twenty-two and eleven milligram per day patches for other step down regimens. Up to fifty percent of patients using the patch will experience a local skin reaction. These skin reactions are usually mild and self-limiting, but may be worsened during the course of therapy (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Local treatment with a o ne percent hydrocortisone cream or a five percent triamcinolone cream, and rotation of patch sites may ease the skin irritation. Other side effects of the patches include insomnia and vivid or strange dreams. At the start of each day the patient should place a patch in a relatively hairless area, typically between the neck and waist, rotating the site daily to reduce irritation (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The patch should be applied as soon as the patient wakes on the quit day. If insomnia is a problem, the patient should remove the patch prior to going to bed (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Varenicline is an approved non-nicotine agent for smoking cessation (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The FDA added a warning regarding the use of this agent. Depressed mood, agitation, changes in behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicide have been reported in patients attempting to quit smoking when using Varenicline (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Any history of psychiatric illness should be discussed before using this medication. Side effects of the medication include nausea, trouble sleeping, and abnormal or vivid dreams (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The patient should start Varenicline one week before the quit date, with a dose of 0.5 milligram daily for three days followed by 0.5 milligram twice daily for four days, followed by one milligram twice daily for three months. Varenicline is approved for maintenance therapy for up to six months (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). The patient should quit smoking on day eight, when the dosage is increased to one milligram twice daily. To reduce the insomnia problem, the second dose should be taken at dinner time rather than bedtime. To reduce the nausea, the medication should be taken on a full stomach (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Varenicline is a non-nicotine medication. The mechanism of action is due to its partial nicotine receptor agonist and antagonistic effects (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Because Varenicline is eliminated almost entirely unchanged in the urine it should be used with caution in patients with severe renal dysfunction. It is not recommended to be used with other nicotine replacement therapies because of its nicotine antagonistic properties (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Plan of treatment Patient will be advised that the increased cough and mucus production is related to the use of tobacco products and that once he no longer smokes the frequency of cough and mucus production will decrease as this is related to irritation in the lungs caused by tobacco use. A smoker’s cough is a persistent cough that develops in long-term smokers. At first it may be dry, but over time it usually produces phlegm. The cough is usually worst upon awakening and improves throughout the day. The airways are lined with tiny hair like cells called cilia, which catch toxins in inhaled air and move them upward toward the mouth to be expelled. Smoking paralyzes these cells. Instead of toxins being caught in transit, toxins enter the lungs and create inflammation. This leads to coughing as the lungs attempt to clear these toxins. As the Celia begins to repair themselves during the night and attempt to remove the accumulated substances from the lungs, the result is coughing upon arising. Thi s cough will usually fade as the Celia is allowed to repair themselves from the abstinence of cigarette smoking. Treatment will consist of smoking cessation counseling and support, Varenicline 0.5 mg daily, starting immediately, orally once daily for three days, then 0.5 mg orally twice daily for four days, followed by one mg orally twice daily for three months. Follow up should be in three days to evaluate side effects and patient response. The next follow-up will be dependent on patient progress and response to medication. The patient will be instructed on the community resources for smoking cessation support groups and how to cope with the stress of not smoking and how to manage daily frustrations related to smoking cessation. Dietary counsel will be offered for possible nutrition advice and weight management. The patient will be encouraged to enroll in an exercise program or to increase physical activities during the initial phase of smoking cessation. A chest x-ray will be ordered, at the patient’s convenience, to rule out COPD or other lung issues. References Brunton, L., Chabner, B., Knollman, B. (2011). Goodman Gilmans: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (12 ed.). McGraw-Hill. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Clinical practice guidelines: Treating tobacco use and dependency. Retrieved from CDC.gov: http://www.bphc.hrsa.gov/buckets/treatingtobacco.pdf Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Smoking and tobacco use. Retrieved from Center for disease control and prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking/how_to_quit/you_can_quit/nicotine

Americas New War :: Politics Government Essays

America's New War America is currently at war against some intangible entity called Terrorism. I know that seems like and unnecessary statement of the obvious, but sometimes I feel the need to be reminded of the fact that we are really fighting a war. It is almost laughable how easy it is to avoid thinking about â€Å"America’s New War†. How can a nation go to war without the involvement of its population? The American public is not being asked to unite in support of our troops overseas; there has been no request for sacrifice or conservation of resources. Instead, we are being urged to consume, travel, and go on with our routine lives. According to an article titled, â€Å"Our World War†, by Jonathan Rowe, â€Å"the advertising industry has wracked its clever brains to conjure from the ashes of the World Trade Center an upbeat buying mood† (Adbusters Jan/Feb 2002 no. 39). The world has changed and we are asked to return to life as usual. I find this concern with consumer confidence somehow incongruent with the events that are taking place in Afghanistan right now. The economy is, without a doubt, a defining characteristic of the American way of life, and a weakened economy would jeopardize its stability and security. "’Sept. 11 dealt a very serious blow to the economy, demonstrating the cost of inaction,’ says White House spokeswoman Claire Buchan. New security measures are needed ‘for the sake of the economy and the safety of the American people’" (Ramstack). Our economic stability should be monitored and increased security measures should be taken after an attack like the one on September 11th. However, I feel a lack of concern for the lives that are at stake in the Middle East. I have to question whether our economic status is more important than the thousands of soldiers that are engaged in the war abroad. So much emphasis has been placed on the continuation of the â⠂¬Å"American Dream†, that after the drama of the attack wore off, the American unity and mobilization have been directed towards malls and car dealerships. Maybe someone can explain to me how my next purchase will benefit those sacrificing lives on the front lines.

Cloned Zoos Essay -- Research Paper Animals Cloning Papers

Cloned Zoos Imagine an earth where every animal lives within an enclosed area where all humankind can see them. Yet, within these enclosures are the only places humans can see these animals alive. Why? It is because the animals' habitats have been damaged and completely destroyed for the needs and usage of human kind. These enclosed areas are called Cloned Zoos: The Final Stronghold of the World's Biodiversity. These cloned zoos are full of cloned animals that have been brought back from the dead or from the edge of extinction. Humankind has come to a point where all life on earth is controlled by human hands and where without the help of humans no animals will survive. Can you imagine a world where this instance has become reality? Could humankind allow this atrocity to happen? Will they allow this atrocity to happen? Well, some scientists are trying to avert this tragedy from occurring by using cloning to preserve those animals that are endangered or rapidly approaching the brink of extinction. The technology for cloning is improving and some scientists are turning to this technology as a way to preserve the genes of species faced with extinction due to weak reproductive abilities or a population, which is split and unable to reach another population. A member of an endangered species can be cloned and reintroduced into the original or a distant and unreachable population. Another option is the member being cloned can be brought back to life after it has died in order that its genes are still part of the gene pool. An estimated one hundred species go extinct each and every day, which means that approximately 36,500 species would go extinct every year (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2003). This extinction trend coul... .... (October 2, 2003). http://www.noonanrusso.com/imedia/ikit/act2/html/faqs.html Tobin, Kate. CNN.com-Nature: First cloned endangered species dies 2 days after birth. January 12, 2001. 18 September 2003 http://www.cnn.com/2001/NATURE/01/12/cloned.gaur/ Weise, Elizabeth. USA Today: The crËme of the clone crop. September 28, 2003. 18 September 2003 http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2003-09-29-clone-table.htm Westphal, Sylvia Pagan. "So simple, almost anyone can do it." New Scientist. 17 August 2002: 16-17. Wright, Richard T. Biology: Through the Eyes of Faith. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1989. [1] The zona pellucida is "the extracellular matrix of the egg," (Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, 1999, p. 940), a protective layer of the egg. [2] "Fitness is a measure of potential success," (English 107), for a species within a given environment. Cloned Zoos Essay -- Research Paper Animals Cloning Papers Cloned Zoos Imagine an earth where every animal lives within an enclosed area where all humankind can see them. Yet, within these enclosures are the only places humans can see these animals alive. Why? It is because the animals' habitats have been damaged and completely destroyed for the needs and usage of human kind. These enclosed areas are called Cloned Zoos: The Final Stronghold of the World's Biodiversity. These cloned zoos are full of cloned animals that have been brought back from the dead or from the edge of extinction. Humankind has come to a point where all life on earth is controlled by human hands and where without the help of humans no animals will survive. Can you imagine a world where this instance has become reality? Could humankind allow this atrocity to happen? Will they allow this atrocity to happen? Well, some scientists are trying to avert this tragedy from occurring by using cloning to preserve those animals that are endangered or rapidly approaching the brink of extinction. The technology for cloning is improving and some scientists are turning to this technology as a way to preserve the genes of species faced with extinction due to weak reproductive abilities or a population, which is split and unable to reach another population. A member of an endangered species can be cloned and reintroduced into the original or a distant and unreachable population. Another option is the member being cloned can be brought back to life after it has died in order that its genes are still part of the gene pool. An estimated one hundred species go extinct each and every day, which means that approximately 36,500 species would go extinct every year (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2003). This extinction trend coul... .... (October 2, 2003). http://www.noonanrusso.com/imedia/ikit/act2/html/faqs.html Tobin, Kate. CNN.com-Nature: First cloned endangered species dies 2 days after birth. January 12, 2001. 18 September 2003 http://www.cnn.com/2001/NATURE/01/12/cloned.gaur/ Weise, Elizabeth. USA Today: The crËme of the clone crop. September 28, 2003. 18 September 2003 http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2003-09-29-clone-table.htm Westphal, Sylvia Pagan. "So simple, almost anyone can do it." New Scientist. 17 August 2002: 16-17. Wright, Richard T. Biology: Through the Eyes of Faith. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1989. [1] The zona pellucida is "the extracellular matrix of the egg," (Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, 1999, p. 940), a protective layer of the egg. [2] "Fitness is a measure of potential success," (English 107), for a species within a given environment.